EMS selection criteria—Forecasting, Strategy, and Scalability (Source: Sohu): Golden Rule: 15-minute interval forecasting (Source: Sohu); Core: Peak-shaving and valley-filling strategy (Source: Tencent Cloud); Key Consideration: Millisecond-level switching (Source: GSL).
I. Forecasting Capabilities
Electricity Price: 15-minute interval price forecasting (Source: Sohu);
Load: Rolling load forecasting (Source: Sohu); AI: LSTM-integrated forecasting (Source: iFactory); PV: PV output forecasting (Source: Volt); Multi-source: Wind, PV, load, and price integration (Source: Volt)—Forecasting: Price + Load + PV (Three-factor forecasting).
II. Strategy Library
Peak Shaving: Peak-shaving and valley-filling / Demand control (Source: Tencent Cloud);
Anti-backflow: Anti-reverse power flow strategy (Source: Tencent Cloud); Islanding: Islanding control (Source: Tencent Cloud); Demand: Demand control to reduce capacity charges (Source: PVB); Consumption: PV consumption / Capacity expansion (Source: Tencent Cloud)—Strategies: Peak Shaving + Anti-backflow + Demand Control (Three key strategies).
III. Scheduling Algorithms
Day-ahead: Day-ahead MILP scheduling (Source: EnergyBlog); Rolling: Rolling optimization rescheduling (Source: EnergyBlog); MPC: Model Predictive Control (Source: arXiv); SOC: 30–80% SOC window (Source: PCEnerSys); Multi-objective: Multi-objective optimization priority (Source: PCEnerSys)—Scheduling: MILP + MPC + SOC (three algorithms).
IV. Response Performance
Switching: Millisecond-level seamless switching (Source: GSL);
Grid Connection/Islanding: 50ms detection for grid connection/islanding (Source: Volt); Voltage Fluctuation: Switching voltage fluctuation ≤3% (Source: Volt); Inrush Current: Inrush current ≤1.2x rated current (Source: Volt); Black Start: Black start ≤30s (Source: Volt)—Response: Switching + Voltage Fluctuation + Black Start (three performance metrics).
V. Expansion Interfaces
Spot Market: Spot market interface reserved (Source: Sohu);
Ancillary Services: Ancillary services interface (Source: Sohu); VPP: Virtual Power Plant (VPP) interface (Source: Sohu); Financial-Operational Integration: Integrated operational-financial investment analysis (Source: Sohu); Full Lifecycle: Full lifecycle management (Source: Sohu)—Expansion: Spot Market + Ancillary Services + VPP (three interfaces).
VI.
Communication Integration
Ethernet: Ethernet communication (Source: Tencent Cloud); RS485: RS485 data acquisition (Source: Tencent Cloud); CAN: CAN bus (Source: Tencent Cloud); SCADA: SCADA status reporting (Source: Ingro); ERP: SAP, CRM, and OA system integration (Source: Sohu)—Communication: Ethernet + SCADA + ERP (three integrations).
VII. Procurement Recommendations
1. Verify forecasting capabilities (15-minute rolling updates); 2. Check control strategies (peak shaving, valley filling, and reverse power flow prevention); 3. Assess response performance (millisecond-level switching); 4. Consider scalability (VPP and spot market readiness);
and 5. Select the technology generation (AI-driven human-machine collaboration)—EMS: Forecasting + Strategy + Scalability (three key points).
